Important Gum Disease Facts
Posted on 8/15/2025 by Implant and Periodontal Wellness Center of Arizona |
 Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a serious infection that affects the gums and bones supporting your teeth. It's important to understand the facts about this disease so you can take steps to prevent it and maintain good oral health.
What is Gum Disease?
Gum disease is caused by a buildup of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on your teeth. If plaque isn't removed regularly, it can harden into calculus (tartar) which irritates the gums and causes inflammation. This inflammation can lead to gum disease, which can damage the gums, bones, and tissues that support your teeth.
Stages of Gum Disease
Gum disease progresses in stages, starting with gingivitis and progressing to periodontitis.
Gingivitis: This is the early stage of gum disease. The gums become red, swollen, and may bleed easily. Gingivitis is usually painless, but it's important to treat it before it progresses to periodontitis.
Periodontitis: This is the more advanced stage of gum disease. As periodontitis progresses, the gums pull away from the teeth and form pockets. These pockets become infected and can damage the bones that support your teeth. If left untreated, periodontitis can lead to tooth loss.
Risk Factors for Gum Disease
While anyone can develop gum disease, certain factors can increase your risk:
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Poor oral hygiene: Not brushing and flossing regularly allows plaque to build up and cause gum disease. |
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Smoking: Smoking weakens your immune system and makes it harder for your body to fight off infection. |
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Genetics: Some people are more genetically predisposed to gum disease than others. |
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Certain medications: Some medications, such as steroids and certain antidepressants, can increase your risk of gum disease. |
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Medical conditions: Conditions such as diabetes and HIV/AIDS can weaken your immune system and make you more susceptible to gum disease. |
Symptoms of Gum Disease
The early stages of gum disease are often painless, but as the disease progresses, you may experience the following symptoms:
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Red, swollen, or tender gums |
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Bleeding gums when you brush or floss |
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Receding gums (gums pulling away from your teeth) |
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Loose teeth |
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Pus between your teeth and gums |
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Persistent bad breath or a bad taste in your mouth |
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Changes in the way your teeth fit together when you bite |
Prevention and Treatment of Gum Disease
The best way to prevent gum disease is to practice good oral hygiene. This includes brushing your teeth twice a day, flossing daily, and seeing your dentist for regular checkups and cleanings.
If you have gum disease, your dentist will recommend treatment based on the severity of your condition. Treatment may include:
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Professional cleaning: This removes plaque and calculus from your teeth and below the gum line. |
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Antibiotics: These can be used to treat the infection. |
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Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damage to the gums and bones. |
Prevention Dentistry
Prevention dentistry is the best way to keep your teeth and gums healthy. By following these tips, you can reduce your risk of developing gum disease:
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Brush your teeth twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste. |
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Floss daily. |
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See your dentist for regular checkups and cleanings. |
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Eat a healthy diet. |
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Avoid tobacco products. |
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Control other health conditions, such as diabetes. |
Gum disease is a serious infection, but it can be prevented and treated. By following the tips above, you can keep your smile healthy for a lifetime. |
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